![]() Stranded wires are calculated by calculating the equivalent cross sectional copper area. The diameter information in the table applies to solid wires. The table below shows various data including both the resistance of the various wire gauges and the allowable current ( ampacity) based on a copper conductor with plastic insulation. An approximation for the resistance of copper wire may be expressed as follows:Īpproximate resistance of copper wire : 27 AWG.A solid round 18 AWG wire is about 1 mm in diameter.For the same cross section, aluminum wire has a conductivity of approximately 61% of copper, so an aluminum wire has nearly the same resistance as a copper wire smaller by 2 AWG sizes, which has 62.9% of the area.A decrease of ten gauge numbers, for example from No. 12 to No. 2, multiplies the area and weight by approximately 10, and reduces the electrical resistance (and increases the conductance) by a factor of approximately 10.No. 2 AWG is about twice the diameter of No. 8 AWG.) This quadruples the cross-sectional area and the conductance. When the diameter of a wire is doubled, the AWG will decrease by 6.two No. 14 AWG wires have about the same cross-sectional area as a single No. 11 AWG wire.) This doubles the conductance. When the cross-sectional area of a wire is doubled, the AWG will decrease by 3. ![]() The sixth power of 39√ 92 is very close to 2, which leads to the following rules of thumb: For an m/0 AWG wire, use n = −( m − 1) = 1 − m in the above formulas. ![]() Sizes with multiple zeros are successively larger than No. 0 and can be denoted using " number of zeros/0", for example 4/. ASTM B258-02 also dictates that wire diameters should be tabulated with no more than 4 significant figures, with a resolution of no more than 0.0001 inches (0.1 mils) for wires larger than No. 44 AWG, and 0.00001 inches (0.01 mils) for wires No. 45 AWG and smaller. The standard ASTM B258-02 (2008), Standard Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Used as Electrical Conductors, defines the ratio between successive sizes to be the 39th root of 92, or approximately 1.1229322. Any two successive gauges (e.g., A and B ) have diameters whose ratio (dia. Because each successive gauge number increases cross sectional area by a constant multiple, diameters vary geometrically. The ratio of these diameters is 1:92, and there are 40 gauge sizes from No. 36 to No. 0000, or 39 steps. 36 AWG is 0.005 inches in diameter, and No. 0000 is 0.46 inches in diameter. These are functionally interchangeable but the use of B&S in relation to wire gauges, rather than sheet metal gauges, is technically improper.ĪWG is also commonly used to specify body piercing jewelry sizes (especially smaller sizes), even when the material is not metallic. While the AWG is essentially identical to the Brown & Sharpe (B&S) sheet metal gauge, the B&S gauge was designed for use with sheet metals as its name suggests. Because there are also small gaps between the strands, a stranded wire will always have a slightly larger overall diameter than a solid wire with the same AWG. The AWG of a stranded wire is determined by the cross-sectional area of the equivalent solid conductor. The AWG tables are for a single, solid and round conductor. Manufacturers of wire formerly had proprietary wire gauge systems the development of standardized wire gauges rationalized selection of wire for a particular purpose. Very fine wire (for example, 30 gauge) required more passes through the drawing dies than 0 gauge wire did. The AWG originated in the number of drawing operations used to produce a given gauge of wire. However, AWG is dissimilar to IEC 60228, the metric wire-size standard used in most parts of the world, based directly on the wire cross-section area (in square millimetres, mm²). Increasing gauge numbers denote logarithmically decreasing wire diameters, which is similar to many other non-metric gauging systems such as British Standard Wire Gauge (SWG). The cross-sectional area of each gauge is an important factor for determining its current-carrying capacity. Dimensions of the wires are given in ASTM standard B 258. For other uses, see AWG (disambiguation).Īmerican Wire Gauge ( AWG) is a logarithmic stepped standardized wire gauge system used since 1857, predominantly in North America, for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire.
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