![]() After puberty males generally have 2 to 10 percent higher water content than females. the extracellular compartment is further subdivided into the interstitial and the intravascular compartments (blood volume), which contain 2/3 and 1/3 of the extracellular fluid, respectively. the intracellular compartment contains 2/3 of the total body water and the remaining (= 1/3) is held in the extracellular compartment 3. ![]() total body water makes up 2/3 of the body mass 2. For clinical purpose the use of "the rule of 3" is recommended: 1. Winters diagram with the subdivision of total body water, intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid as a function of age. Finally, the transcellular fluid compartment comprises the digestive, cerebrospinal, intraocular, pleural, peritoneal and synovial fluids but will not be further addressed in this review. The extracellular compartment is further subdivided into the interstitial and the intravascular compartments (blood volume), which contain two-thirds and one-third of the extracellular fluid, respectively. Consequently potassium largely determines the intracellular and sodium the extracellular compartment. The solute composition of the intracellular and extracellular fluid differs considerably because the sodium pump maintains potassium in a primarily intracellular and sodium in a primarily extracellular location. The intracellular compartment contains about two-third of the total body water and the remaining is held in the extracellular compartment. after puberty males generally have 2 to 10 percent higher water content than females (figure (figure1). the water content of a newborn, an adolescent and an elderly man are approximately 75, 60 and 50 percent b. The most important determinants of the wide range in water content are age and gender: a. For a complete diagram of body fluid compartments, see body fluid compartments of a 70-kg man and body fluid compartments of a 55-kg woman.Water makes up 50-75 percent of the body mass. Note that this diagram places focus only on these three major fluid compartments. Plasma is the smallest fluid compartment (~8% of total body water). ![]() Interstitial fluid contains ~25% of the total body water. The intracellular fluid compartment contains most of the water in the body (~67% of total). The right diagram shows the three major fluid compartments drawn to scale. The left diagram allows for a better demonstration of the relationship between the intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma, however, the relative size of each of the compartment is not drawn to scale. Waste products produced by cells follow the reverse path from the cytoplasmic compartment to plasma. They then must cross the plasma membrane to enter the cytoplasmic compartment of cells. Nutrient molecules traveling in the blood must first cross the capillary endothelium to enter the interstitial fluid. The capillary endothelium is the physical barrier that separates the interstitial fluid from plasma. ![]() The physical barrier separating the intracellular fluid compartment (i.e., cytoplasm) and the interstitial fluid is the cell plasma membrane. Fluid, molecules, and ions flow across physical barriers between the fluid compartments. These are the (1) intracellular fluid compartment, (2) interstitial fluid, and (3) plasma. In the human body plan, there are three major fluid compartments that are functionally interconnected.
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